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1. ARE YOU FEELING tired, anxious or depressed and you don't know why? Are feeling restless, and angry, and you are not sure why? It could be caused by your hormones are a substance, usually a peptide or steroid, produced by one tissue and conveyed by te bloodstream to another to effect physicological activity, such as growth or metabolism.
2. Hormones affect nearly everything we think, say and do. They influence our body temperature, digestion, blood pressure, height, shape, sexual desire, emotions and also menstruation. Made up of chemicals that react with cells and organs to change how they behave, hormones control us more than we control them.
3.Hormones are named after the Greek "hormao ("I stir up"). Some say that it is from the Greek "hormon", meaning "to urge on" from "horme", meaning "impulse." Hormones weren't discovered until early this century. Over 50 have been identified; new ones are still being discovered.
The hormones are released directly into the bloodstream, rather than through a duct, as in some other glands. Together with nervous system, hormones coordinate and control the functioning of various organs and tissues so that all parts of the body work together smoothly, efficiently, and correctly."
5. When a hormone is released into your bloodstream it circulate to all parts of your body, but it affects only a certain part or parts of the body that are called target organ for that hormone.
6. The amount of each hormone released into the bloodstream depends on your body's needs at the particular moment. The hormone levels in your blood change in response to events such as infections, stressful situations, and shifts in the chemical composition of your blood in some cases the level of one hormone in your blood regulates the level of another. For instance, several hormones produced by your pituitary gland specifically regulate the amount of other hormones released by certain other hormones released by certain other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland, a peanut-sized yet centrally important endocrine gland located at the base of the brain that exerts wide-ranging control of your hormonal system.
7. Some of the important hormones include adrenaline (help us cope with danger and stress), insulin (controls blood sufar), oestrogen (promotes sexual development and, with progesterone, triggers menstruation); prolatin (produces breast milk); thyroxine (regulates metabolic rate); and corticosteroids (help fight infection and maintain blood pressure).
8. Adrenaline or epinephrine is a hormone secreted by adrenal medulla released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress, as from fear or injury. It initiates many bodily responses, including the stimulation of heart action and an increase in blood pressure, metabolic rate and blood glucose concetration.
9. Hormonally, women are far more complicated that men. Oestrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate wildly during our menstrual cycles, yet everything has to be synchronised for a period to be described as "normal".
10. Factors such as crash dieting, obesity, stress, smoking, drinking and excessive exercise can all disrupt hormone production, making your periods scanty, erractic or even non-existent. Disruptions also occur for no clear reason; if you are worried, see your doctor. Drugs can correct some imbalances, although some imbalances may be the result of ovarian cysts.
11. Premenstrual syndrome is caused by fluctuating hormones, and progesterone and oestrogen are two key players. Symptoms can include feelings of depression, bloating and constipation. Exercise, relaxation techniques, a healthy diet and evening primrose oil can allviate some problems. In more serious cases, hormone replacement therapy or medication may have to be prescribed.
12. Many contraceptive pills will keep levels of oestrogen high, with some women saying that they feel constantly "premenstrual". If this is you, then consult your doctor---another brand of pill or a completely different method of contraception may well be the solution.
13. Hormones can be responsible for a variety of significant mood swings. Feelings of elation, restlessness, anxiety, depression and fatigue are all states that can be triggered by hormonal fluctuations and imbalances.
14. During pregnancy, oestrogen and progesterone levels increase and new hormones circulate to help foetal growth; they also trigger mood swings and can cause headaches. Exercise and a healthy diet may alleviate symptoms. Most problems disappear after birth as hormones normalise, though before this happens feelings of depression and irritability occur.
15. The control centre of all hormones is the pituitary gland, at the base of the brain. Cells in the pituitary sense the level of hormones in the blood and stimulate or reduce activity to maintain balance.
16. Because oestrogen levels drop during and after menopause, older women are at a higher risk of developing conditions such as heart disease and osteoporosis.
17. Adrenaline increases energy and is produced when you are understress. Relaxation techniques, such as yoga and meditation, can help control stress levels and help combat stress-related conditions, such as migraine and high blood pressure.
18. Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland in the neck. If this gland is overactive you may lose weight despite having a big appetite, sweat a lot and have protruding eyes. If it is underactive you may gain weight, be lethargic and have dry skin. Treated with drugs or surgery.
19. Acne can develop due to fluctuating levels of oestrogen and progesterone, and is common during puberty, pregnancy, migraines and menopause.
20. Body and facial hair are affected by testosterone levels. Slight increases in growth are not a problem. Large increases can also often be explained by racial or family genes---although they can be caused by conditions such as ovarian cysts. If worried, see your doctor.
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